Перевод: с английского на все языки

со всех языков на английский

rates approval

  • 1 rates approval

    rates approval LAW, COMMS Entgeltgenehmigung f (TKG)

    Englisch-Deutsch Fachwörterbuch der Wirtschaft > rates approval

  • 2 forms and procedures for rates approval

    forms and procedures for rates approval LAW Arten fpl und Verfahren npl der Entgeltgenehmigung (TKG)

    Englisch-Deutsch Fachwörterbuch der Wirtschaft > forms and procedures for rates approval

  • 3 regulatory procedures for rates subject to approval

    regulatory procedures for rates subject to approval LAW Verfahren n der Regulierung genehmigungspflichtiger Entgelte (TKG)

    Englisch-Deutsch Fachwörterbuch der Wirtschaft > regulatory procedures for rates subject to approval

  • 4 favour

    I 1.
    favor ['feɪvə(r)] nome
    1) (kindness) favore m.

    to do sb. a favour — fare un piacere o favore a qcn.

    do me a favour! — (as prelude to rebuff) vuoi farmi un favore? (ironic) ma va! ma fammi il piacere! (in exasperation) lasciami in pace!

    to ask a favour of sb. to ask sb. a favour chiedere un favore a qcn.; to return a favour — ricambiare o restituire un favore

    to regard sb., sth. with favour — considerare qcn., qcs. con benevolenza

    to win favour with sb. — conquistare il favore di qcn.

    to find favour with sb. — godere del favore o essere nelle grazie di qcn.

    to be out of favour with sb. — [ person] non essere più nelle grazie di qcn.; [ idea] non incontrare più il favore di qcn.

    to fall o go out of favour — [idea, method] passare di moda, finire nel dimenticatoio

    to be in sb.'s favour — [ situation] essere a favore di o vantaggioso per qcn.; [financial rates, wind] essere favorevole a qcn

    4) in favour of a favore di

    to speak in sb.'s favour — parlare o pronunciarsi a favore di qcn.; (to the advantage of)

    to work o be weighted in favour of sb. avvantaggiare qcn.; to decide in sb.'s favour — dare ragione a qcn.; dir. decidere a favore di qcn

    2.
    nome plurale favours eufem. (sexual) favori m.
    II
    favor ['feɪvə(r)] verbo transitivo
    1) (prefer) preferire [method, solution, clothing, colour]; sostenere [ political party]

    to favour sb. — preferire qcn.; (unfairly) favorire qcn

    2) (benefit) [plan, circumstances, law] favorire, privilegiare, avvantaggiare
    * * *
    ['feivə] 1. noun
    1) (a kind action: Will you do me a favour and lend me your car?) favore
    2) (kindness or approval: She looked on him with great favour.) benevolenza
    3) (preference or too much kindness: By doing that he showed favour to the other side.) preferenza
    4) (a state of being approved of: He was very much in favour with the Prime Minister.) favore
    2. verb
    (to support or show preference for: Which side do you favour?) favorire, preferire
    - favourably
    - favourite     3. noun
    (a person or thing that one likes best: Of all her paintings that is my favourite.) preferito
    - in favour of
    - in one's favour
    * * *
    I 1.
    favor ['feɪvə(r)] nome
    1) (kindness) favore m.

    to do sb. a favour — fare un piacere o favore a qcn.

    do me a favour! — (as prelude to rebuff) vuoi farmi un favore? (ironic) ma va! ma fammi il piacere! (in exasperation) lasciami in pace!

    to ask a favour of sb. to ask sb. a favour chiedere un favore a qcn.; to return a favour — ricambiare o restituire un favore

    to regard sb., sth. with favour — considerare qcn., qcs. con benevolenza

    to win favour with sb. — conquistare il favore di qcn.

    to find favour with sb. — godere del favore o essere nelle grazie di qcn.

    to be out of favour with sb. — [ person] non essere più nelle grazie di qcn.; [ idea] non incontrare più il favore di qcn.

    to fall o go out of favour — [idea, method] passare di moda, finire nel dimenticatoio

    to be in sb.'s favour — [ situation] essere a favore di o vantaggioso per qcn.; [financial rates, wind] essere favorevole a qcn

    4) in favour of a favore di

    to speak in sb.'s favour — parlare o pronunciarsi a favore di qcn.; (to the advantage of)

    to work o be weighted in favour of sb. avvantaggiare qcn.; to decide in sb.'s favour — dare ragione a qcn.; dir. decidere a favore di qcn

    2.
    nome plurale favours eufem. (sexual) favori m.
    II
    favor ['feɪvə(r)] verbo transitivo
    1) (prefer) preferire [method, solution, clothing, colour]; sostenere [ political party]

    to favour sb. — preferire qcn.; (unfairly) favorire qcn

    2) (benefit) [plan, circumstances, law] favorire, privilegiare, avvantaggiare

    English-Italian dictionary > favour

  • 5 term

    {tə:m}
    I. 1. срок, период
    during his TERM of office докато беше на служба/заемаше този пост
    presidential TERM президентски мандат
    2. платежен срок, ден на плащане (обик. на 3 месеца)
    to owe a TERM's rent дължа наем за 3 месеца
    3. семестър, учебен срок
    during TERM през учебно време
    4. съдебна сесия
    5. мат. член
    6. лог. член (на силогизъм)
    7. термин
    рl изрази, фразеология, език
    in TERMs of approval одобрително
    in flatterin/glowing TERMs ласкаво, хвалебствено
    in TERMs of с езика на, от гледна точка на, превърнат в, изчислен с
    in TERM s of science на езика на/от гледна точка на науката
    his work is not profitable in TERMs of money работата му не e изгодна от парична гледна точка
    in TERMs of metrical measures превърнато в метрична система
    in set TERMs ясно, определено, решително, недвусмислено
    8. ост. край, граница
    9. край на периода на нормалната бременност
    she has reached her TERM време e да ражда (за бременна жена)
    10. мед. менструация, период
    11. рl условия на договор и пр., условия за плащане, цена, хонорар
    what are your TERMs for lessons? колко вземате за уроци? on easy TERMs на износна цена, при изгодни условия
    not on any TERM на никаква цена, за нищо на света
    on these TERM s при тези условия
    to come to TERM s отстъпвам, приемам условията, примирявам се (with с)
    the enemy came to TERMs неприятелят капитулира
    to bring someone to TERMs принуждавам някого да се съгласи на/да приеме условията ми
    on TERMs of friendship/equality, etc. на приятелски/равни и пр. начала
    12. лични отношения
    to be on good/friendly TERMs with в добри/приятелски отношения съм с
    we are not on speaking TERMs не се познаваме, само се знаем, не си говорим, скарани сме
    13. ист. рим. граничен стълб, често с бюста на бога Термин
    TERM of reference компетенция, ресор, инструкции
    II. v наричам, назовавам, определям като
    * * *
    {tъ:m} n 1. срок, период; during his term of office докато беше на (2) {tъ:m} v наричам, назовавам, определям като.
    * * *
    член; срочен; срок; термин; условие; триместър; период; понятие; именувам; наричам; назовавам;
    * * *
    1. 1 ист. рим. граничен стълб, често с бюста на бога Термин 2. 1 лични отношения 3. 1 рl условия на договор и пр., условия за плащане, цена, хонорар 4. during his term of office докато беше на служба/заемаше този пост 5. during term през учебно време 6. his work is not profitable in terms of money работата му не e изгодна от парична гледна точка 7. i. срок, период 8. ii. v наричам, назовавам, определям като 9. in flatterin/glowing terms ласкаво, хвалебствено 10. in set terms ясно, определено, решително, недвусмислено 11. in term s of science на езика на/от гледна точка на науката 12. in terms of approval одобрително 13. in terms of metrical measures превърнато в метрична система 14. in terms of с езика на, от гледна точка на, превърнат в, изчислен с 15. not on any term на никаква цена, за нищо на света 16. on terms of friendship/equality, etc. на приятелски/равни и пр. начала 17. on these term s при тези условия 18. presidential term президентски мандат 19. she has reached her term време e да ражда (за бременна жена) 20. term of reference компетенция, ресор, инструкции 21. the enemy came to terms неприятелят капитулира 22. to be on good/friendly terms with в добри/приятелски отношения съм с 23. to bring someone to terms принуждавам някого да се съгласи на/да приеме условията ми 24. to come to term s отстъпвам, приемам условията, примирявам се (with с) 25. to owe a term's rent дължа наем за 3 месеца 26. we are not on speaking terms не се познаваме, само се знаем, не си говорим, скарани сме 27. what are your terms for lessons? колко вземате за уроци? on easy terms на износна цена, при изгодни условия 28. край на периода на нормалната бременност 29. лог. член (на силогизъм) 30. мат. член 31. мед. менструация, период 32. ост. край, граница 33. платежен срок, ден на плащане (обик. на 3 месеца) 34. рl изрази, фразеология, език 35. семестър, учебен срок 36. съдебна сесия 37. термин
    * * *
    term[tə:m] I. n 1. срок, период; in the short ( medium, long) \term в кратко- (средно- дълго) срочен план; for \term of o.'s life до живот; пожизнен; to serve o.'s \term излежавам си наказанието; \term of patent срок на действие на патент; \term of priority приоритетен срок; \term of validity срок на валидност; срок на действие; \term of years юрид. срочно право; 2. pl условия, клаузи (на договор и пр.); условия за плащане, цена; хонорар; usual \terms обикновени условия на експлоатация; \terms of reference компетенция, мандат, права (на комисия и пр.); \term of trade условия на търговия, външнотърговски баланс; \term structure of interest rates структура на лихвените проценти в зависимост от сроковете; on these \terms при тези условия; to come to ( to make) \terms 1) постигам споразумение; 2) капитулирам, предавам се; to bring the enemy to \terms принуждавам неприятеля да капитулира, да приеме условията; on easy \terms при износни условия, на износна цена; not on any \terms на никаква цена, за нищо на света; 3. лични отношения; to be on good ( friendly) \terms with в добри (приятелски) отношения съм с; we are not on speaking \terms не си говорим, скарани сме; 4. семестър, срок; during \term през семестъра, през учебно време; to keep o.'s \terms редовно записвам семестри; to eat o.'s \terms уча за адвокат; 5. термин; pl изрази, език, фразеология; начин на изразяване; in \terms of с езика на; от гледище на; превърнат в; изчислен с; in \terms of approval одобрително; in \terms of figures с езика на цифрите; in set \terms определено, решително; to be thinking in \terms of ( doing s.th.) възнамерявам да, стремя се към, гледам с едно око на; 6. съдебна сесия; 7. ост. край, граница; to set ( put) a \term to определям края на; to have reached o.'s \term време е да ражда (за бременна жена); 8. мед. менструация; 9. платежен срок, ден за плащане (обикн. на 3 месеца); 10. мат. член; елемент; лог. член (на силогизъм); \term by \term почленно; absolute \term постоянен (свободен) член; член на уравнение, който не съдържа неизвестна величина; dominant \term главен (основен) член; \term of fraction член на дроб; 11. ист., рим. граничен стълб, често с бюста на бог Термин; II. v наричам, назовавам; определям като; изразявам.

    English-Bulgarian dictionary > term

  • 6 near cash

    !
    гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.
    This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.
    The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:
    "
    consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;
    " "
    the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;
    " "
    strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and
    "
    the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.
    The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:
    "
    the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and
    "
    the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.
    Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.
    Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)
    "
    Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and
    "
    Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.
    More information about DEL and AME is set out below.
    In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.
    To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.
    Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.
    Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.
    There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.
    AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.
    AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.
    AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.
    Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.
    Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.
    Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets.
    "
    Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest.
    "
    Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:
    "
    Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and
    "
    The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.
    The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.
    The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.
    Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.
    The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:
    "
    provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;
    " "
    enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;
    " "
    introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and
    "
    not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.
    To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.
    A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:
    "
    an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;
    " "
    an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;
    " "
    to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with
    "
    further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.
    The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.
    Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.
    The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.
    Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.
    To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.
    This document was updated on 19 December 2005.
    Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money
    ————————————————————————————————————————
    "
    GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money
    "
    ————————————————————————————————————————
    GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money
    ————————————————————————————————————————
    GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.
    ————————————————————————————————————————

    Англо-русский экономический словарь > near cash

  • 7 ask

    1) (to put a question: He asked me what the time was; Ask the price of that scarf; Ask her where to go; Ask him about it; If you don't know, ask.) preguntar
    2) (to express a wish to someone for something: I asked her to help me; I asked (him) for a day off; He rang and asked for you; Can I ask a favour of you?) pedir; preguntar por
    3) (to invite: He asked her to his house for lunch.) invitar
    •
    - ask for
    - for the asking
    ask vb
    1. preguntar
    why don't you ask the teacher? ¿por qué no se lo preguntas al profesor?
    2. pedir
    3. invitar
    tr[ɑːsk]
    1 (inquire) preguntar
    2 (request) pedir
    3 (invite) invitar, convidar
    1 (inquire) preguntar
    ■ if you don't know, ask si no lo sabes, pregúntalo
    2 (request) pedir
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    to ask for it buscárselo
    to be asking for trouble estarse buscando problemas
    ask ['æsk] vt
    1) : preguntar
    ask him if he's coming: pregúntale si viene
    2) request: pedir, solicitar
    to ask a favor: pedir un favor
    3) invite: invitar
    ask vi
    1) inquire: preguntar
    I asked about her children: pregunté por sus niños
    2) request: pedir
    we asked for help: pedimos ayuda
    v.
    • invitar v.
    • pedir v.
    • preguntar v.
    • rogar v.
    æsk, ɑːsk
    1.
    1) ( inquire) preguntar; ( inquire of) preguntarle a

    to ask a question — hacer* una pregunta

    don't ask me! — (colloq) yo qué sé! (fam)

    honestly, I ask you! — (colloq) ¿no te parece increíble?

    I often ask myself... — muchas veces me pregunto...

    to ask somebody about something/somebody/-ing: have you asked him about his trip/his mother? ¿le has preguntado por el viaje/por su madre?; ask her about doing overtime — pregúntale si sería posible hacer horas extras

    2) ( request) \<\<approval/advice/favor\>\> pedir*

    what more can you ask? — ¿qué más se puede pedir?

    is that asking too much? — ¿es mucho pedir?

    to ask somebody for something — pedirle* algo a alguien

    to ask something of somebody: she asks too much of her students les exige demasiado a sus alumnos; to ask somebody to + inf pedirle* a alguien que (+ subj); they asked me to help out me pidieron que les diera una mano; I must ask you to leave haga el favor de irse; I asked her to dance la saqué a bailar; to ask to + inf: I asked to see the manager pedí hablar con el director; he's asking to be slapped — se está buscando una bofetada

    3) ( invite) invitar

    ask him along — invítalo or dile que venga

    haven't you asked her out yet? — ¿todavía no la has invitado a salir?

    4) ( demand) \<\<price\>\> pedir*

    to ask something FOR something — pedir* algo por algo

    how much is he asking for the car? — ¿cuánto pide por el coche?


    2.
    vi
    1) ( inquire) preguntar

    how are things? - don't ask! — (colloq & hum) ¿qué tal? - mejor ni hablar!

    to ask about something/somebody: he asked about your health/you — preguntó por tu salud/por ti

    2) ( request)

    to ask for something: I asked for his phone number le pedí el número de teléfono; he asked for it (colloq) se lo buscó (fam); to ask for somebody — preguntar por alguien

    •
    Phrasal Verbs:
    [ɑːsk]
    1. TRANSITIVE VERB
    1) (=inquire) preguntar

    "how is Frank?" he asked — -¿cómo está Frank? -preguntó

    I asked him his name/the time — le pregunté su nombre/la hora

    to ask o.s. sth — preguntarse algo

    • did you ask him about the job? — ¿le has preguntado por el trabajo?; (in more detail) ¿le has preguntado acerca del trabajo?

    I've been meaning to ask you about that — llevo tiempo queriendo or hace tiempo que quiero preguntarte acerca de eso

    • ask me another! — ¡no tengo ni idea!

    • don't ask me! * — ¡yo qué sé! *, ¡qué sé yo! (esp LAm) *

    • I ask you! * — (despairing) ¿te lo puedes creer?

    • ask him if he has seen her — pregúntale si la ha visto

    if you ask me, I think she's crazy — para mí que está loca

    • and where have you been, may I ask? — ¿y dónde has estado, si se puede saber?

    • I asked the teacher what to do next — le pregunté al profesor lo que tenía que hacer después

    • who asked you? * — ¿quién te ha preguntado a ti?

    • ask her why she didn't come — pregúntale por qué no vino

    2) (=request) pedir

    • to ask sb a favour, ask a favour of sb — pedir un favor a algn

    • how much are they asking for the car? — ¿cuánto piden por el coche?

    they are asking £200,000 for the house — piden 200.000 libras por la casa

    • that's asking the impossible — eso es pedir lo imposible

    • it's not a lot to ask — no es mucho pedir

    • what more can you ask? — ¿qué más se puede pedir?

    • to ask sth of sb, he did everything asked of him — hizo todo lo que se le pidió

    all he asked of us was that we tell people about his plight — solo nos pidió que habláramos a la gente de la difícil situación en que se encontraba

    • to ask that sth be done — pedir que se haga algo

    all I'm asking is that you keep an open mind — solo te pido que or lo único que pido es que mantengas una actitud abierta

    • to ask to do sth: I asked to see the director — pedí ver al director

    we had to ask him to leave — tuvimos que decirle or pedirle que se marchara

    • that's asking too much — eso es pedir demasiado

    permission
    3) (=invite) invitar

    have you been asked? — ¿te han invitado?

    • to ask sb to dinner — invitar a algn a cenar

    2. INTRANSITIVE VERB
    1) (=inquire) preguntar

    • ask about our reduced rates for students — pregunta por or infórmate sobre nuestros descuentos para estudiantes

    I asked about the possibility of staying on — pregunté acerca de or sobre la posibilidad de quedarme más tiempo, pregunté si era posible que me quedara más tiempo

    • "what's the matter?" - " don't ask" — -¿qué pasa? -más te vale no saberlo

    • now you're asking! * — (=what a difficult question) ¡vaya con la preguntita! *; (=who knows) ¡quién sabe!; (=wouldn't we all like to know) ¡eso quisiera saber yo! *

    • I was only asking — era solo una pregunta

    • "what has he gone and done now?" - "you may well ask!" — -¿qué es lo que ha hecho ahora? -¡buena pregunta!

    2) (=make request) pedir

    if you need anything, just ask — si quieres algo no tienes más que pedirlo

    • the asking price — el precio que se pide/pedía etc

    I offered £5,000 below the asking price — les ofrecí 5.000 libras menos de lo que pedían

    • it's yours for the asking — no tienes más que pedirlo y es tuyo

    ASK ► Translate ask by preguntar only in contexts where information is being sought:
    I'll ask him Voy a preguntárselo
    Ask her what she thinks Pregúntale qué le parece
    We asked everywhere Preguntamos en todas partes ► Use pedir when ask means "request" or "demand":
    No one asked to see my passport Nadie me pidió el pasaporte
    We asked them to be here before five Les pedimos que estuviesen or estuvieran aquí antes de las cinco
    He was asked to explain his behaviour Le pidieron que explicara su comportamiento NOTE: P edir que is followed by the subjunctive. For further uses and examples, see ask, ask about, ask for etc
    * * *
    [æsk, ɑːsk]
    1.
    1) ( inquire) preguntar; ( inquire of) preguntarle a

    to ask a question — hacer* una pregunta

    don't ask me! — (colloq) yo qué sé! (fam)

    honestly, I ask you! — (colloq) ¿no te parece increíble?

    I often ask myself... — muchas veces me pregunto...

    to ask somebody about something/somebody/-ing: have you asked him about his trip/his mother? ¿le has preguntado por el viaje/por su madre?; ask her about doing overtime — pregúntale si sería posible hacer horas extras

    2) ( request) \<\<approval/advice/favor\>\> pedir*

    what more can you ask? — ¿qué más se puede pedir?

    is that asking too much? — ¿es mucho pedir?

    to ask somebody for something — pedirle* algo a alguien

    to ask something of somebody: she asks too much of her students les exige demasiado a sus alumnos; to ask somebody to + inf pedirle* a alguien que (+ subj); they asked me to help out me pidieron que les diera una mano; I must ask you to leave haga el favor de irse; I asked her to dance la saqué a bailar; to ask to + inf: I asked to see the manager pedí hablar con el director; he's asking to be slapped — se está buscando una bofetada

    3) ( invite) invitar

    ask him along — invítalo or dile que venga

    haven't you asked her out yet? — ¿todavía no la has invitado a salir?

    4) ( demand) \<\<price\>\> pedir*

    to ask something FOR something — pedir* algo por algo

    how much is he asking for the car? — ¿cuánto pide por el coche?


    2.
    vi
    1) ( inquire) preguntar

    how are things? - don't ask! — (colloq & hum) ¿qué tal? - mejor ni hablar!

    to ask about something/somebody: he asked about your health/you — preguntó por tu salud/por ti

    2) ( request)

    to ask for something: I asked for his phone number le pedí el número de teléfono; he asked for it (colloq) se lo buscó (fam); to ask for somebody — preguntar por alguien

    •
    Phrasal Verbs:

    English-spanish dictionary > ask

  • 8 favour

    favour, favor (US) [ˈfeɪvər]
    1. noun
       a. ( = act of kindness) (small) service m ; (more major) faveur f
    • do me a favour and... sois gentil,...
       b. ( = approval) to be in favour être en faveur
    • to find favour with sb [person] s'attirer les bonnes grâces de qn ; [suggestion] gagner l'approbation de qn
       c. ( = advantage) faveur f
       d. ( = partiality) faveur f
       a. ( = be in favour of) [+ idea, option] être partisan de
       b. ( = prefer) [+ person] préférer ; [+ candidate, pupil] montrer une préférence pour
       c. ( = help) favoriser
    * * *
    1.
    GB, favor US ['feɪvə(r)] noun
    1) ( approval)

    to regard somebody/something with favour — considérer quelqu'un/quelque chose avec bienveillance

    to win/lose favour with somebody — s'attirer/perdre les bonnes grâces de quelqu'un

    to be out of favour with somebody — [person] ne plus être dans les bonnes grâces de quelqu'un; [idea, method] ne plus être en vogue auprès de quelqu'un

    to fall ou go out of favour — [idea, method] passer de mode

    2) ( kindness) service m

    to ask a favour of somebody —

    to return the favour — iron rendre la pareille ( by doing en faisant)

    3) ( advantage)

    to be in somebody's favour — [situation] être avantageux pour quelqu'un; [financial rates, wind] être favorable à quelqu'un

    2.
    favours plural noun euph ( sexual) faveurs fpl
    3.
    1) ( prefer) être pour [method, solution]; préférer [clothing, colour]; être partisan de [political party, course of action]

    to favour somebody — gen montrer une préférence pour quelqu'un; ( unfairly) accorder un traitement de faveur à quelqu'un

    2) ( benefit) [plans, circumstances] favoriser; [law, balance of power] privilégier
    4.
    favoured past participle adjective gen favori/-ite; ( most likely) [date, plan, view] privilégié
    5.
    in favour of prepositional phrase
    1) ( on the side of) en faveur de

    to be in favour of somebody/something — être pour quelqu'un/quelque chose

    to decide in somebody's favour — gen donner raison à quelqu'un; Law donner gain de cause à quelqu'un

    3) ( out of preference for) [reject] au profit de

    English-French dictionary > favour

  • 9 highly

    ['haɪlɪ] adverb
    1) (to a high degree) sehr; äußerst; hoch [angesehen, begabt, bezahlt]; hoch[aktuell, -interessant, -gebildet, -modern]; leicht [entzündlich]; stark [gewürzt]

    think highly of somebody/something, regard somebody/something highly — eine hohe Meinung von jemandem/etwas haben

    * * *
    1) (very; very much: highly delighted; highly paid; I value the book highly.) hoch
    2) (with approval: He thinks/speaks very highly of you.) hoch
    * * *
    high·ly
    [ˈhaɪli]
    adv hoch-
    this was a \highly-publicized case um diesen Fall wurde ein großer Medienrummel veranstaltet fam
    \highly amusing ausgesprochen amüsant
    \highly contagious hoch ansteckend
    \highly-educated hoch gebildet
    \highly questionable äußerst fragwürdig
    \highly paid hoch bezahlt
    \highly placed official hoch gestellter Beamter/hoch gestellte Beamtin
    \highly priced teuer
    \highly-skilled hoch qualifiziert
    to speak \highly of someone von jdm in den höchsten Tönen sprechen
    to think \highly of someone eine hohe Meinung von jdm haben
    * * *
    ['haIlɪ]
    adv
    1) (emph: extremely) successful, sensitive, competitive, controversial, critical äußerst; inflammable leicht; spiced stark; individual, unusual, significant, efficient äußerst, höchst

    highly charged (atmosphere) — aufgeladen; debate hitzig

    or colored (US) (lit) — farbenfroh, sehr bunt; (fig)

    to be highly critical of sb/sth — jdn/etw scharf kritisieren

    highly trained — äußerst gut ausgebildet; skilled worker hoch qualifiziert; sportsperson durchtrainiert

    highly skilled — äußerst geschickt; worker, workforce hoch qualifiziert

    highly placed (in organization, society) — hochgestellt; ( Sport, in league ) führend

    highly respected/gifted/educated/paid/developed — hoch geachtet/bezahlt/entwickelt, hochbegabt, hochgebildet

    highly intelligent/topical — hochintelligent/-aktuell

    highly sophisticated (person, audience) — höchst anspruchsvoll; technology, equipment hoch entwickelt

    highly unlikely or improbable — äußerst or höchst unwahrscheinlich

    2) regard, rate, prize hoch

    he is a highly regarded writer — er ist ein hoch angesehener Autor

    she rates highly among world class athletes —

    to speak highly of sb/sth — sich sehr positiv über jdn/etw äußern

    to think highly of sb/sth — eine hohe Meinung von jdm/etw haben

    she came highly recommended — sie kam mit einer sehr guten Empfehlung

    * * *
    highly adv
    1. hoch, in hohem Grade, höchst, äußerst, sehr:
    highly gifted ( oder talented) hochbegabt oder hoch talentiert;
    highly inflammable leicht entzündlich;
    highly interesting hochinteressant;
    highly placed hochgestellt;
    highly seasoned ( oder spiced) stark oder scharf gewürzt;
    highly secret streng geheim;
    highly strung reizbar, nervös; → academic.ru/56558/polished">polished 1, probable A 1
    2. lobend, anerkennend:
    think highly of eine hohe Meinung haben von, viel halten von
    3. teuer:
    a) teuer bezahlt,
    b) hoch bezahlt
    * * *
    ['haɪlɪ] adverb
    1) (to a high degree) sehr; äußerst; hoch [angesehen, begabt, bezahlt]; hoch[aktuell, -interessant, -gebildet, -modern]; leicht [entzündlich]; stark [gewürzt]

    think highly of somebody/something, regard somebody/something highly — eine hohe Meinung von jemandem/etwas haben

    * * *
    adv.
    am Höchsten ausdr.
    hoch adv.
    in hohem Maße ausdr.

    English-german dictionary > highly

  • 10 favour

    favour GB, favor US
    A n
    1 ( approval) to look with favour on sb/sth, look on sb/sth with favour approuver qn/qch ; to regard sb/sth with favour considérer qn/qch avec bienveillance ; to win/lose favour with sb favour s'attirer/perdre les bonnes grâces de qn ; to find favour with sb trouver grâce aux yeux de qn ; to gain favour with sb remporter la faveur de qn ; to be out of favour with sb [person] ne plus être dans les bonnes grâces de qn ; [idea, fashion, method] ne plus être en vogue auprès de qn ; to fall out of ou from favour with sb [person] tomber en disgrâce auprès de qn ; to fall ou go out of favour [idea, fashion, method] passer de mode ;
    2 ( kindness) service m ; to do sb a favour rendre service à qn ; in return for all your favours en remerciement de tous les services que vous m'avez rendus ; they're not doing themselves any favours ils desservent leur (propre) cause (by doing en faisant) ; do me a favour! lit fais-moi plaisir! ; ( as prelude to rebuff) tu veux me faire plaisir? ; ( ironic) qu'est-ce que tu crois! ; ( in exasperation) et quoi encore! ; as a (special) favour à titre de service exceptionnel ; she did it as a favour to her boss elle l'a fait pour rendre service à son chef ; to ask a favour of sb, to ask sb a favour demander un service à qn ; to owe sb a favour avoir une dette envers qn ; you owe me a favour tu me dois bien ça ; to return a favour lit, to return the favour iron rendre la pareille (by doing en faisant) ;
    3 ( favouritism) to show favour to sb, to show sb favour accorder un traitement de faveur à qn ;
    4 ( advantage) to be in sb's favour [situation] être avantageux pour qn ; [financial rates, wind] être favorable à qn ; to have sth in one's favour avoir qch pour soi ; everything was in her favour elle avait tout pour elle ; the plan has a lot in its favour le projet présente beaucoup d'avantages ; if the case doesn't go in our favour si nous n'obtenons pas gain de cause ; in your favour [money, balance] à votre crédit ;
    5 †( small gift) petit cadeau m ;
    6 Hist ( token) faveur f.
    B favours npl euph ( sexual) faveurs fpl.
    1 ( on the side of) en faveur de ; to be in favour of sb/sth être pour qn/qch ; to vote in favour of sth voter pour qch ; I'm in favour of that je suis pour ; to be in favour of changing the law être pour un changement de la loi ; to speak in favour of soutenir [motion, idea, plan] ; to speak in sb's favour se prononcer en faveur de qn ; to come out in favour of exprimer son soutien à [plan, person] ;
    2 ( to the advantage of) to work ou be weighted in favour of sb avantager qn ; to decide in sb's favour gen donner raison à qn ; Jur donner gain de cause à qn ;
    3 ( out of preference for) [reject etc] au profit de.
    D vtr
    1 ( prefer) être pour [choice, method, solution, horse, team] ; préférer [clothing, colour, date] ; être partisan de [political party] ; to favour sb gen montrer une préférence pour qn ; ( unfairly) accorder un traitement de faveur à qn ; I favour closing the business je suis pour la fermeture de l'entreprise ;
    2 ( benefit) [plans, circumstances] favoriser ; [law, balance of power] privilégier ;
    3 ( approve of) être partisan de [course of action] ; approuver [proposal] ;
    4 sout ou iron ( honour) to favour sb with sth faire à qn la faveur or l'honneur de qch.
    1 ( most likely) [course of action, date, plan, view] privilégié ; [candidate] favori/-ite ;
    2 ( favourite) favori/-ite.

    Big English-French dictionary > favour

См. также в других словарях:

  • approval — ap‧prov‧al [əˈpruːvl] noun [uncountable] 1. when someone officially accepts something: • His proposals cannot become law until they have obtained Congressional approval. • Approval for the new buildings was given in July. 2. on approval if you… …   Financial and business terms

  • European Technical Approval — Die Europäische Technische Zulassung bzw. European Technical Approval (ETA) ist ein allgemein anerkannter Nachweis zur technischen Brauchbarkeit eines Bauproduktes im Sinne der Bauproduktenrichtlinie in den Mitgliedsstaaten der der EU.… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • United States — a republic in the N Western Hemisphere comprising 48 conterminous states, the District of Columbia, and Alaska in North America, and Hawaii in the N Pacific. 267,954,767; conterminous United States, 3,022,387 sq. mi. (7,827,982 sq. km); with… …   Universalium

  • japan — japanner, n. /jeuh pan /, n., adj., v., japanned, japanning. n. 1. any of various hard, durable, black varnishes, originally from Japan, for coating wood, metal, or other surfaces. 2. work varnished and figured in the Japanese manner. 3. Japans,… …   Universalium

  • Japan — /jeuh pan /, n. 1. a constitutional monarchy on a chain of islands off the E coast of Asia: main islands, Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu, and Shikoku. 125,716,637; 141,529 sq. mi. (366,560 sq. km). Cap.: Tokyo. Japanese, Nihon, Nippon. 2. Sea of, the… …   Universalium

  • Health and Disease — ▪ 2009 Introduction Food and Drug Safety.       In 2008 the contamination of infant formula and related dairy products with melamine in China led to widespread health problems in children, including urinary problems and possible renal tube… …   Universalium

  • Germany — /jerr meuh nee/, n. a republic in central Europe: after World War II divided into four zones, British, French, U.S., and Soviet, and in 1949 into East Germany and West Germany; East and West Germany were reunited in 1990. 84,068,216; 137,852 sq.… …   Universalium

  • Russia — /rush euh/, n. 1. Also called Russian Empire. Russian, Rossiya. a former empire in E Europe and N and W Asia: overthrown by the Russian Revolution 1917. Cap.: St. Petersburg (1703 1917). 2. See Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. 3. See Russian… …   Universalium

  • Business and Industry Review — ▪ 1999 Introduction Overview        Annual Average Rates of Growth of Manufacturing Output, 1980 97, Table Pattern of Output, 1994 97, Table Index Numbers of Production, Employment, and Productivity in Manufacturing Industries, Table (For Annual… …   Universalium

  • Economic Affairs — ▪ 2006 Introduction In 2005 rising U.S. deficits, tight monetary policies, and higher oil prices triggered by hurricane damage in the Gulf of Mexico were moderating influences on the world economy and on U.S. stock markets, but some other… …   Universalium

  • ECONOMIC AFFAIRS — THE PRE MANDATE (LATE OTTOMAN) PERIOD Geography and Borders In September 1923 a new political entity was formally recognized by the international community. Palestine, or Ereẓ Israel as Jews have continued to refer to it for 2,000 years,… …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Прямая ссылка:
… Нажмите правой клавишей мыши и выберите «Копировать ссылку»